Search results for "Synaptic vesicle recycling"

showing 3 items of 3 documents

Regulation of Dendritic Spine Morphology in Hippocampal Neurons by Copine-6.

2015

Dendritic spines compartmentalize information in the brain, and their morphological characteristics are thought to underly synaptic plasticity. Here we identify copine-6 as a novel modulator of dendritic spine morphology. We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) - a molecule essential for long-term potentiation of synaptic strength - upregulated and recruited copine-6 to dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons. Overexpression of copine-6 increased mushroom spine number and decreased filopodia number, while copine-6 knockdown had the opposite effect and dramatically increased the number of filopodia, which lacked PSD95. Functionally, manipulation of post-synaptic copine-6 level…

0301 basic medicineDendritic spineVesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transport Proteinsdrug effects [Synapses]Tropomyosin receptor kinase BHippocampal formationgenetics [Carrier Proteins]pharmacology [Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor]Hippocampusmetabolism [Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transport Proteins]Mtap2 protein ratMice0302 clinical medicineNeurotrophic factorsdrug effects [Synaptic Vesicles]genetics [Nerve Tissue Proteins]Cells Culturedultrastructure [Neurons]NeuronsChemistryLong-term potentiationSynaptic Potentialsphysiology [Neurons]physiology [Dendritic Spines]Cell biologyultrastructure [Dendritic Spines]metabolism [Receptor trkB]Synaptic VesiclesFilopodiaultrastructure [Synaptosomes]Disks Large Homolog 4 ProteinMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsCognitive NeuroscienceDendritic Spinesmetabolism [Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein]Nerve Tissue Proteinsgenetics [Receptor trkB]03 medical and health sciencesCellular and Molecular NeuroscienceOrgan Culture Techniquesphysiology [Synaptic Vesicles]metabolism [Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1]TrkB protein ratdrug effects [Synaptic Potentials]Synaptic vesicle recyclingAnimalsHumansReceptor trkBddc:610metabolism [Synaptosomes]metabolism [Nerve Tissue Proteins]Viaat protein ratBrain-Derived Neurotrophic Factormetabolism [Microtubule-Associated Proteins]Rats030104 developmental biologygenetics [Synaptic Potentials]nervous systemcytology [Hippocampus]Synaptic plasticityultrastructure [Synapses]SynapsesVesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1CPNE6 protein ratphysiology [Synapses]Carrier Proteins030217 neurology & neurosurgerymetabolism [Carrier Proteins]SynaptosomesCerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
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Synaptic vesicle alterations in rod photoreceptors of synaptophysin-deficient mice.

2001

Abstract The abundance of the integral membrane protein synaptophysin in synaptic vesicles and its multiple possible functional contributions to transmitter exocytosis and synaptic vesicle formation stand in sharp contrast to the observed lack of defects in synaptophysin knockout mice. Assuming that deficiencies are compensated by the often coexpressed synaptophysin isoform synaptoporin, we now show that retinal rod photoreceptors, which do not synthesize synaptoporin either in wild-type or in knockout mice, are affected by the loss of synaptophysin. Multiple pale-appearing photoreceptors, as seen by electron microscopy, possess reduced cytoplasmic electron density, swollen mitochondria, an…

MalePresynaptic TerminalsSynaptophysinAction PotentialsFluorescent Antibody TechniqueDark AdaptationBiologyRibbon synapseSynaptic vesicleSynaptic TransmissionExocytosisExocytosisMiceRetinal Rod Photoreceptor CellsElectroretinographySynaptic vesicle recyclingAnimalsMice KnockoutSex CharacteristicsGeneral NeuroscienceVesicleMembrane ProteinsClathrin-Coated VesiclesSynaptoporinCell biologyMice Inbred C57BLMicroscopy ElectronProtein TransportKnockout mouseSynaptophysinbiology.proteinFemaleSynaptic VesiclesNeurosciencePhotic StimulationNeuroscience
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Daidzein has neuroprotective effects through ligand-binding-independent PPARγ activation.

2011

Phytoestrogens are a group of plant-derived compounds that include mainly isoflavones like daidzein. Phytoestrogens prevent neuronal damage and improve outcome in experimental stroke; however, the mechanisms of this neuroprotective action have not been fully elucidated. In this context, it has been postulated that phytoestrogens might activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), which exerts neuroprotective effects in several settings. The aim of this study was to determine whether the phytoestrogen daidzein elicits beneficial actions in neuronal cells by mechanisms involving activation of PPARγ. Our results show that daidzein (0.05-5 μM) decreases cell death induced b…

endocrine systemmedicine.drug_classPyridinesPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptorPharmacologyLigandsNeuroprotectionCellular and Molecular Neurosciencechemistry.chemical_compoundmedicineSynaptic vesicle recyclingAnimalsReceptorCells Culturedchemistry.chemical_classificationNeuronsDaidzeinfood and beveragesCell BiologyIsoflavonesReceptor antagonistIsoflavonesRatsOxygenPPAR gammaGlucoseNeuroprotective AgentschemistryBenzamidesPhytoestrogensNeurochemistry international
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